Natural law, our constitutions, and the unborn.

نویسنده

  • John Remington Graham
چکیده

The problem of unenumerated constitutional rights in the United States and Canada is examined in order to seek a true and objective basis upon which judicial opinions may elaborate such privileges and immunities. The authentic root principles of fundamental law in both countries are traced to natural law as explained by Aquinas, Blackstone, Jefferson and other such legal philosophers. From this fund of knowledge, it is shown that natural law is a postulate of constitutional order in the United States and Canada, as illustrated by numerous judicial decisions which deal with freedom of contract based on the abolition of slavery, freedom to pursue useful knowledge, and such like. Natural law as a postulate of constitutional order is shown to presuppose not only the existence of God, but also to ordain the equal dignity and certain "absolute " or "unalienable" rights founded on the spiritual reality of human nature, in terms of which all constitutional rights should be interpreted and expounded, including our unenumerated rights of privacy in matters of sexuality. RÉSUMÉ Le problème des droits non énumérés dans les constitutions des États-Unis et du Canada est examiné afin de rechercher les fondements vrais et objectifs sur lesquels les décisions judiciaires peuvent élaborer de tels privilèges et immunités. Les principes authentiques à la source du droit fondamental de ces deux pays sont retracés dans le droit naturel tel qu'expliqué par St-Thomas d'Aquin, Blackstone, Jefferson, et d'autres philosophes juristes. De ce fonds de connaissance, l'auteur démontre que le droit naturel est un postulat d'ordre constitutionnel aux États-Unis comme au Canada, tel qu 'illustré par de nombreuses décisions judiciaires qui traitent entre autres, de la liberté contractuelle basée sur l'abolition de l'esclavage et de la liberté d'acquérir des connaissances utiles. L'auteur démontre que le droit naturel, en tant que postulat d'ordre constitutionnel, présuppose non seulement l'existence de Dieu, mais aussi prescrit une dignité égale et certains droits « absolus » et « inaliénables » fondés sur la réalité spirituelle de la nature humaine, selon laquelle tous les droits constitutionnels devraient être interprétés et analysés, incluant nos (1996) 27 R.G.D. 21-53 22 Revue générale de droit (1996) 27 R.G.D. 21-53 77*e author then reviews the main American and Canadian cases on the difficult problem of abortion, giving focus to similarities and contrasts along the way. It is shown that, given the spiritual essence of humanity ordained by natural law, the unborn enjoy a unique legal status as persons, which is evident in the traditions of both the common law and the civil law, and that, consequently, those judicial decisions announcing broad and sweeping constitutional rights to terminate pregnancy are, in the final analysis, indefensible. At stake, says the author, is more than a practical resolution of our contemporary political dispute over abortion, for the question goes to the very heart of our whole system of law and justice. Prospects of future constitutional development, including avenues of possible compromise, are discussed. droits non enumeres à la vie privée en matière de sexualité. L'auteur examine les principaux arrêts américains et canadiens traitant du problème de Vavortement, en mettant Vemphase sur les similarités et les contrastes. Il démontre que, étant donné Vessence spirituelle de Vhumanité prescrite par le droit naturel, Venfant à naître jouit d'un statut légal unique en tant que personne, ce qui est évident dans les traditions de la common law et du droit civil, et que conséquemment, les décisions judiciaires proclamant des droits constitutionnels vastes et radicaux de mettre fin à la grossesse sont en dernière analyse, indéfendables. L'enjeu selon l'auteur est plus qu'une solution pratique à nos querelles politiques contemporaines au sujet de Vavortement, car la question va au cœur même de l'ensemble de notre système de loi et de justice. Sont discutées certaines perspectives de développement constitutionnel futur, incluant des voies de compromis possibles.

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Revue generale de droit

دوره 27 1  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1996